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With the prevalence of risks encountered by youth online, strength-based approaches such as nudges have been recommended as potential solutions to guide teens toward safer decisions. However, most nudging interventions to date have not been designed to cater to teens' unique needs and online safety concerns. To address this gap, this study provided a comprehensive view of adolescents' feedback on online safety nudges to inform the design of more effective online safety interventions. We conducted 12 semi-structured interviews and 3 focus group sessions with 21 teens (13 - 17 years old) via Zoom to get their feedback on three types of nudge designs from two opposing perspectives (i.e., risk victim and perpetrator) and for two different online risks (i.e., Information Breaches and Cyberbullying). Based on the teens' responses, they expressed a desire that nudges need to move beyond solely warning the user to providing a clear and effective action to take in response to the risk. They also identified key differences that affect the perception of nudges in effectively addressing an online risk, they include age, risk medium, risk awareness, and perceived risk severity. Finally, the teens identified several challenges with nudges such as them being easy to ignore, disruptive, untimely, and possibly escalating the risk. To address these, teens recommended clearer and contextualized warnings, risk prevention, and nudge personalization as solutions to ensure effective nudging. Overall, we recommend online safety nudges be designed for victim guidance while providing autonomy to control their experiences, and to ensure accountability and prevention of risk perpetrators to restrict them from causing harm. 

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) constitute an attractive class of materials for many optoelectronic applications. However, their charge transport properties are inferior to materials like graphene. On the other hand, the charge generation efficiency of graphene is too low to be used in many optoelectronic applications. Here, we demonstrate the development of ultrathin phototransistors and photonic synapses using a graphene-PQD (G-PQD) superstructure prepared by growing PQDs directly from a graphene lattice. We show that the G-PQDs superstructure synchronizes efficient charge generation and transport on a single platform. G-PQD phototransistors exhibit excellent responsivity of 1.4 × 10 8 AW –1 and specific detectivity of 4.72 × 10 15 Jones at 430 nm. Moreover, the light-assisted memory effect of these superstructures enables photonic synaptic behavior, where neuromorphic computing is demonstrated by facial recognition with the assistance of machine learning. We anticipate that the G-PQD superstructures will bolster new directions in the development of highly efficient optoelectronic devices.